Discovering the Laws of Chemistry

Discovering the Laws of ChemistryIf you need help understanding the laws of chemistry, a good place to start is with basic scientific terms. Basic terms include the atom, molar mass, atomic number, molecular formula, ionic and covalent bonds, molecular weight, specific heat, boiling point, and free energy.The atom is the smallest unit of matter in a general description of the world. It is found in solid form, gas, liquid, or a combination of the three. The atom consists of two quarks, which are protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are positively charged particles that make up protons and neutrons, respectively. The presence of an electron in an atom gives a positively charged atom such as an oxygen atom.Specific gravity is a property of liquids that describes the amount of force needed to move one molecule to another. Since the force is constant for all molecules, the specific gravity of any liquid is always the same. Atoms have a specific gravity of one. So if you take the sam e substance and change its specific gravity, you will know what the relative density of the two substances has changed.Molecular formulas are numbers that show the ratios of particles to atoms in a given formula. Molecules are made up of many small, single-particle atoms. The numbers describe the size of the molecule, from one to twenty-six, or about a thousand times smaller than a strand of hair. Molecules can be measured using various atomic weights. Mass is the force of an object applied to a mass, such as a spring, to exert an equal and opposite force against another force.A bond is a chemical reaction that occurs in two atoms or molecules, in different ways. Electron bonding occurs when one atom's electrons are shared by another atom or molecule, and protons and neutrons are shared between the shared atoms. Fluorine bonding occurs when two similar, heavier atoms are joined together using a bonding agent to increase their mass.Covalent bonds are when one molecule sticks to anoth er. This can occur when a person sits on a pile of snow, or when someone touches the bottom of their shoe with their hands. In both cases, the molecules come in contact with one another and stick to one another. In this case, the person touching the bottom of the shoe is stuck with the snow.Specific heat is a measure of how much a substance heats up when it is in a particular temperature range. Specific heat is the same amount of energy in all temperatures. You cannot put two materials with different specific heats in a furnace and expect them to have the same relative energy. However, you can adjust the thermostat so that the temperature within a certain range of a specific material stays constant.The laws of chemistry can be explained using a basic understanding of science and the rules of physics. It is possible to learn about these laws by doing experiments and reading books about the subject.